Pinealon
Pinealon is a synthetic tripeptide (Glu-Asp-Arg) derived from the pineal gland, studied for neuroprotective effects, circadian rhythm regulation, and cognitive performance in animal models and limited clinical observations in Eastern European research. It is related to the family of short peptide bioregulators developed by the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation.
Written by WhatPeptide Editorial Team · Last updated 2026-03-17
Half-life
Short; route-dependent
Dosage range
1-5 mg orally daily in cycles (based on bioregulator research protocols)
Administration
Oral
Research level
Preliminary
How Pinealon works
Pinealon is proposed to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and interact directly with neuronal nuclear chromatin, modulating gene expression in neurons involved in circadian regulation and neuroprotection. In animal and cell culture studies, it reduces neuronal apoptosis under hypoxic conditions and supports melatonin synthesis pathways in the pineal gland. Its oral bioavailability, while limited by peptidase activity, may be sufficient for some CNS effects due to its very small size.
Also known as: EDR peptide, Epithalon-related peptide, Glu-Asp-Arg
Research relevance
Side effects & safety
Contraindications
Consult a healthcare provider before use if any of these apply to you.
Key studies
-
Khavinson V et al. — Pinealon increases cell viability via ROS suppression
Pinealon (Glu-Asp-Arg) shows dose-dependent ROS suppression in cerebellar granule cells; ERK 1/2 modulation
PubMed 2011 -
Kozina LS — Antihypoxic properties of short peptides
Pinealon (EDR) most pronounced antihypoxic effect among regulatory peptides tested
PubMed 2008 -
Arutjunyan A et al. — Pinealon protects from prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia
Pinealon improves offspring cognitive function and cerebellar neuron oxidative stress resistance
PubMed 2012
FAQ
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